Protons

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Jordon and Chad

=Protons!!=

The proton is a particle with a +1 Elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The proton is also stable by itself and also has a second face as a hydrogen ion, H+. The proton is made up of three fundamental particles: two UP quarks and one DOWN quark.[|[][|2][|]] Protons are fermions and are composed of three quarks,[|[3][|]] making them baryons. The proton has a and approximately exponentially decaying positive distribution with a mean square of 0.8 fm.[4]



Protons are known to transform into neutrons through electron capture.(inverse called Beta Decay). For free protons, this process dose not occur spontaneously but only when energy is supplied. The equation is .P is a proton, e is an electron, n is a neutron, and Ve is an electron neutrino.Protons are stable with an observed half life of 6.6*10with 35 zero's yr.[5]

=Quarks and the mass of a Proton=

In quantum chromodynamics, the modern theory of nuclear force,the mass of the proton and neutron is explained by certain relativity.The mass of the protons is about eighty times greater than the sum of the rest masses that make up the quarks.The extra energy in quarks and gluons accounts for 98% of mass.



=History of Protons=

After Rutherford's atomic nucleus discovery in 1911, Rutherford and other scientist decided that a positively charged exist to balance the electron to create equally neutral atoms. Rutherford then conducted an experiment that concluded the protons exist.First Rutherford started by changing an atom in to another element by striking it with alpha rays or helium nuclei. Rutherford tested this constantly changing atoms into different elements. Then a connection was made between the helium nuclei.Rutherford said the something inside the nuclei had to of had a positive charge.He then extracted a mathematical representation from the nuclei for a proton. He then said that the helium nucleus is literally a proton.

2.^ [|//**a**//] [|//**b**//] W.N. Cottingham, D.A. Greenwood (1986). //An Introduction to Nuclear Physics//. [|Cambridge University Press]. p. 19.
 * [|3. ^]** R.K. Adair (1989). //The Great Design: Particles, Fields, and Creation//. [|Oxford University Press]. p. 214.
 * [|4. ^]** J.-L. Basdevant, J. Rich, M. Spiro (2005). [|//Fundamentals in Nuclear Physics//]. [|Springer]. p. 155. [|ISBN] [|0-387-01672-4] . [].
 * [| 5. ^]** H. Nishino //et al.// ([|Kamiokande collaboration]) (2009). "Search for Proton Decay via p → e+ π0 and p → μ+ π0 in a Large Water Cherenkov Detector". //[|Physical Review Letters]// **102**: 141801. [|doi]:[|10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.141801].